Microsoft PM Interview Cheat Sheet

With billions of users across it's suite of products, few companies can compete with the sheer impact a product career at Microsoft can offer. Microsoft hires approximately 400 to 500 PMs per year across various offices in the United States however they receive thousands upon thousands of applications.


The main difference between the Product Manager and Program Manager roles is that Product Managers do not go as deep into technical requirements when defining the product roadmap and working with design & engineering. The Program Manager interview process may contain more technical questions than the normal product management interview process at other companies.


Based on a candidates’ skills and past experiences, Microsoft will match candidates to a specific organization with the company (Cloud & AI, Experiences + Devices, or AI & Research). All interviewers test for the same skills at Microsoft. That being said, since you will be matched with interviewers from a particular org, you may see more questions about the products the org works on.


Key Facts

  • Candidates will have access to a whiteboard during every onsite interview to better demonstrate their thoughts. In a virtual interview, we recommend you buy a small whiteboard to show your thoughts.
  • During the onsite interview, you may be paired with the “As appropriate” interviewer. This interview is meant for you to learn more about Microsoft and for the interviewer to understand how you'd fit in on that team. Be prepared to ask deeper questions during this interview to learn more about the day-to-day.

Interview Stages

Week 0

Submit your resume and get referrals.

Week 2

Phone interview covering a range of behavioral and technical questions.

Week 4

Four 45-60 minute onsite interviews with PMs, one senior PM, and one senior executive. Unlike most other companies, Microsoft’s onsite questions are mostly behavioral, though you will also get some product design, technical, strategy, and estimation questions. You may also meet a “stress interviewer” who’ll evaluate how well you work under stress. Finally, if you perform well, you may be invited to an “as appropriate” or “as-app” interview at the end of the day. Use this final interview to ask questions about Microsoft and your role, and to demonstrate your passion for the industry, product management, and Microsoft as a whole.

Interview Types

Product Design

These are the classic, bread-and-butter PM interview questions. They ask you to design a new product that your company (whether real or fictitious) is launching. You’ll likely get several of these throughout your Microsoft interview process. The most important part of these questions is having a structured approach without explicitly using a framework. Spouting a memorized framework from one of the famous PM interview prep books will just make you look amateur or robotic.


Microsoft uses product design questions to see if PM candidates can think structurally and solve customer pain points.


Your Product Design Interviewer is looking to see:

  • Why is the problem important, and why are we solving it?
  • Who are the users and what are the user cases?
  • What are some solutions and how would you prioritize them into a roadmap to ship?

Example Microsoft Product Design Questions:

  • How can Microsoft compete with Chromebooks in the education space?
  • Design Spotify for children.
  • What’s your favorite product, why do you like it, and how would you improve it?
  • Design a smart water bottle.
  • What would you build to improve user retention on Microsoft Teams?
  • Design a better navigation system for cyclists.
  • Design a version of Outlook for smartwatches.

Analytical

These questions are less common but pretty hard. They involve “root-causing” a problem that you identified in the metrics for a hypothetical product. Sometimes these questions will ask how you respond to problems that arise while you’re leading the team to deliver a product. Think of them as, “something went wrong — how do you handle it?”

Microsoft wants to see how you will perform under pressure and "put out fires", something PMs have to do all the time.  

Your Analytical interviewer will be looking for:

  • Can you narrow the problem down to get the heart of the issue?
  • Can you rule out possible causes until you find the truth?
  • Can you mitigate the impact of the problem?
  • Can you put systems in place to ensure the problem doesn't happen again?

Example Microsoft Analytical Questions:

  • Bing daily search traffic went down 5%; how would you diagnose what happened?
  • Teams weekly active users decreased 10%. What do you do?
  • Your supplier has said a delivery will be delayed, so you can’t ship Surface hardware in time to hit a customer’s deadline. How do you respond?
  • You work for Azure, and Spain is considering a law that would enforce strict data privacy in the country. What do you do?

Behavioral

These questions are the classic behavioral questions: asking you for a story about when you showed leadership, drive, teamwork, communication skills, and so on. They seem relatively easy, but being able to give an inspiring and exciting answer can really set you apart from the dozens of other candidates who gave generic answers.

Microsoft wants to know whether you will be a good fit on the team. Are your stories engaging, memorable, and filled with emotion? Have your life experiences prepared you for this job? Will you be a collaborative team player?

Your Behavioral interviewer will be looking for:

  • Did you show that your personal story lines up with the company’s?
  • Did your chosen story show the scenario the interviewer asked for?
  • Did your story show that you’ve learned and grown from adversity?
  • Did you come across as a humble team player?

Example Microsoft Behavioral Questions:

  • Tell me about yourself
  • Why Microsoft? How does this role relate to your past experiences?
  • Why Product Management?
  • Tell me about a time when you motivated a teammate that wasn’t getting their work done.
  • Have you ever convinced an executive to change their mind? How did you do it?
  • Tell me about a time you failed.

Technical

Microsoft is a company with a large offering of products, some more technical than others, like Azure for example. Microsoft technical questions generally fall into two buckets: coding and system design. While the level of difficulty in technical questions differs depending on the interviewer, org, and team, in general interviewers ask technical questions based on the candidates’ resume. In addition to general algorithmic questions usually asked of candidates, sometimes candidates will be asked infrastructure related questions as well.  

While you don’t need to know how to code, you need to understand how technology (especially the tech your team uses) works under the hood. That way you'll be able to work effectively with engineers on your team.

Your Technical Interviewer is looking to see:

  • Did you know what you were talking about? Did you explain any important nuances or exceptions?
  • Did you use the whiteboard or other writing materials to show and structure your thought process?
  • Did you use approachable language for the audience? Did you present information in a logical order, or did you have to double back and jump around between topics?

Example Microsoft Technical Interview Questions:

10:11

You find a paradox in Uber vs. Lyft driver ratings. How?

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  • Design the algorithm to recommend new connections to LinkedIn users.
  • How does Bing Search rank search results?
  • How would you design the APIs behind Office Online? How would they interact?
  • How would you implement the backend behind Teams or another messaging app? 
  • Explain APIs to a five-year-old.
  • Teach my grandma how collaborative filtering works.

Created with the help of 15 current and former Microsoft Product Managers, including 8 Principal PMs and 3 GPM hiring managers

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Microsoft Company Level Strategic Overview & Monthly Updated Most Common PM Interview Questions

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In our Flagship Microsoft PM Interview course, you will start off by learning Microsoft’s Big-Picture 10-Year Strategy, based on our conversations with product leads from across the company, and tear down the roadmaps for Azure, Office, Teams, Dynamics, the Power Platform, GitHub, VSCode, Xbox, and more.

Then, we will give you a refresher on the art of interviewing covering everything from white-boarding to body language. We’ll go over what types of product, analytical, technical, and behavioral questions you are most likely to get asked at Microsoft and then walk you through the concrete things that Microsoft interviewers are taught to look for in your response for each question type. We’ll also show you tons of mock interview examples of 10 out of 10 answers with expert interviewer commentary along the way.

Finally, we will share a monthly updated list of interview questions that our team members and past customers have actually gotten during their recent Microsoft PM interviews. With this course, you can take luck out of the equation for getting your dream Product Manager job at Microsoft!

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